Definition of manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$











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I'm having trouble understanding the definition of coordinate charts of manifolds given in the book "Analysis II" by Herbert Amann and Joachim Escher. They define manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$ (which is equivalent to the abstract aproach by the Whitney embedding theorem right?).



The definition of a submanifold I learned is:




Let $M$ be an $m$-dimensional manifold. We say that a subset $L subseteq M$ is a submanifold of $M$ of dimension $n$, if for every point $p in L$ there exists an adapted chart $phi: U rightarrow V' times V''$ with $U subseteq L$ open in $L$, $V' subseteq mathbb{R}^n$ open in $mathbb{R}^n$ and $V'' subseteq mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ open in $mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ such that $phi (U cap L) = V' times {0}$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ Then $L$ becomes an $n$-dimensional manifold of itself with the smooth atlas induced by the restricted charts $phi : U cap L rightarrow V'$.




The authors of the book define a submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ as follows




A subset $L subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ is called an $n$-dimensional submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ if for every point $p in L$ there exists an open set $U subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ containing $p$ and an open subset $Vsubseteq mathbb{R}^m$ together with a diffeomorphism $phi$ from $U$ to $V$ such that $phi(M cap U)=V cap (mathbb{R}^n times {0})$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$.




,which directly coincides with the book's definition if one views $mathbb{R}^m$ as an $m$-dimensional manifold with the smooth atlas induced by the universal chart $(mathbb{R}^m, id)$.
Then the authors define coordinate charts of an $n$-dimensional submanifold $L$ of $mathbb{R}^m$ around a point $p in L$ as follows




Let $phi: U rightarrow V$ be a homeomorphism from an open set $U subseteq L$ in the subspace topology containing $p$ to an open subset $V$ of $mathbb{R}^n$ such that $ i_M circ phi ^{-1}$ is a $C^infty$-immersion, where $i_M$ is the cannonical injection from $L$ to $mathbb{R}^m$.




How is this equivalent to the restricted charts given in the first definition? Why does $ i_M circ phi^{-1}$ need to be an immersion? I'm really having trouble connecting the abstract aproach to manifolds to the way of defining manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$. What's a good way to think about the approach taken by the book?










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    I'm having trouble understanding the definition of coordinate charts of manifolds given in the book "Analysis II" by Herbert Amann and Joachim Escher. They define manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$ (which is equivalent to the abstract aproach by the Whitney embedding theorem right?).



    The definition of a submanifold I learned is:




    Let $M$ be an $m$-dimensional manifold. We say that a subset $L subseteq M$ is a submanifold of $M$ of dimension $n$, if for every point $p in L$ there exists an adapted chart $phi: U rightarrow V' times V''$ with $U subseteq L$ open in $L$, $V' subseteq mathbb{R}^n$ open in $mathbb{R}^n$ and $V'' subseteq mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ open in $mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ such that $phi (U cap L) = V' times {0}$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ Then $L$ becomes an $n$-dimensional manifold of itself with the smooth atlas induced by the restricted charts $phi : U cap L rightarrow V'$.




    The authors of the book define a submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ as follows




    A subset $L subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ is called an $n$-dimensional submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ if for every point $p in L$ there exists an open set $U subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ containing $p$ and an open subset $Vsubseteq mathbb{R}^m$ together with a diffeomorphism $phi$ from $U$ to $V$ such that $phi(M cap U)=V cap (mathbb{R}^n times {0})$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$.




    ,which directly coincides with the book's definition if one views $mathbb{R}^m$ as an $m$-dimensional manifold with the smooth atlas induced by the universal chart $(mathbb{R}^m, id)$.
    Then the authors define coordinate charts of an $n$-dimensional submanifold $L$ of $mathbb{R}^m$ around a point $p in L$ as follows




    Let $phi: U rightarrow V$ be a homeomorphism from an open set $U subseteq L$ in the subspace topology containing $p$ to an open subset $V$ of $mathbb{R}^n$ such that $ i_M circ phi ^{-1}$ is a $C^infty$-immersion, where $i_M$ is the cannonical injection from $L$ to $mathbb{R}^m$.




    How is this equivalent to the restricted charts given in the first definition? Why does $ i_M circ phi^{-1}$ need to be an immersion? I'm really having trouble connecting the abstract aproach to manifolds to the way of defining manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$. What's a good way to think about the approach taken by the book?










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      up vote
      2
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      2
      down vote

      favorite











      I'm having trouble understanding the definition of coordinate charts of manifolds given in the book "Analysis II" by Herbert Amann and Joachim Escher. They define manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$ (which is equivalent to the abstract aproach by the Whitney embedding theorem right?).



      The definition of a submanifold I learned is:




      Let $M$ be an $m$-dimensional manifold. We say that a subset $L subseteq M$ is a submanifold of $M$ of dimension $n$, if for every point $p in L$ there exists an adapted chart $phi: U rightarrow V' times V''$ with $U subseteq L$ open in $L$, $V' subseteq mathbb{R}^n$ open in $mathbb{R}^n$ and $V'' subseteq mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ open in $mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ such that $phi (U cap L) = V' times {0}$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ Then $L$ becomes an $n$-dimensional manifold of itself with the smooth atlas induced by the restricted charts $phi : U cap L rightarrow V'$.




      The authors of the book define a submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ as follows




      A subset $L subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ is called an $n$-dimensional submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ if for every point $p in L$ there exists an open set $U subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ containing $p$ and an open subset $Vsubseteq mathbb{R}^m$ together with a diffeomorphism $phi$ from $U$ to $V$ such that $phi(M cap U)=V cap (mathbb{R}^n times {0})$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$.




      ,which directly coincides with the book's definition if one views $mathbb{R}^m$ as an $m$-dimensional manifold with the smooth atlas induced by the universal chart $(mathbb{R}^m, id)$.
      Then the authors define coordinate charts of an $n$-dimensional submanifold $L$ of $mathbb{R}^m$ around a point $p in L$ as follows




      Let $phi: U rightarrow V$ be a homeomorphism from an open set $U subseteq L$ in the subspace topology containing $p$ to an open subset $V$ of $mathbb{R}^n$ such that $ i_M circ phi ^{-1}$ is a $C^infty$-immersion, where $i_M$ is the cannonical injection from $L$ to $mathbb{R}^m$.




      How is this equivalent to the restricted charts given in the first definition? Why does $ i_M circ phi^{-1}$ need to be an immersion? I'm really having trouble connecting the abstract aproach to manifolds to the way of defining manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$. What's a good way to think about the approach taken by the book?










      share|cite|improve this question













      I'm having trouble understanding the definition of coordinate charts of manifolds given in the book "Analysis II" by Herbert Amann and Joachim Escher. They define manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$ (which is equivalent to the abstract aproach by the Whitney embedding theorem right?).



      The definition of a submanifold I learned is:




      Let $M$ be an $m$-dimensional manifold. We say that a subset $L subseteq M$ is a submanifold of $M$ of dimension $n$, if for every point $p in L$ there exists an adapted chart $phi: U rightarrow V' times V''$ with $U subseteq L$ open in $L$, $V' subseteq mathbb{R}^n$ open in $mathbb{R}^n$ and $V'' subseteq mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ open in $mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ such that $phi (U cap L) = V' times {0}$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$ Then $L$ becomes an $n$-dimensional manifold of itself with the smooth atlas induced by the restricted charts $phi : U cap L rightarrow V'$.




      The authors of the book define a submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ as follows




      A subset $L subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ is called an $n$-dimensional submanifold of $mathbb{R}^m$ if for every point $p in L$ there exists an open set $U subseteq mathbb{R}^m$ containing $p$ and an open subset $Vsubseteq mathbb{R}^m$ together with a diffeomorphism $phi$ from $U$ to $V$ such that $phi(M cap U)=V cap (mathbb{R}^n times {0})$ with $0 in mathbb{R}^{m-n}$.




      ,which directly coincides with the book's definition if one views $mathbb{R}^m$ as an $m$-dimensional manifold with the smooth atlas induced by the universal chart $(mathbb{R}^m, id)$.
      Then the authors define coordinate charts of an $n$-dimensional submanifold $L$ of $mathbb{R}^m$ around a point $p in L$ as follows




      Let $phi: U rightarrow V$ be a homeomorphism from an open set $U subseteq L$ in the subspace topology containing $p$ to an open subset $V$ of $mathbb{R}^n$ such that $ i_M circ phi ^{-1}$ is a $C^infty$-immersion, where $i_M$ is the cannonical injection from $L$ to $mathbb{R}^m$.




      How is this equivalent to the restricted charts given in the first definition? Why does $ i_M circ phi^{-1}$ need to be an immersion? I'm really having trouble connecting the abstract aproach to manifolds to the way of defining manifolds as submanifolds of $mathbb{R}^m$. What's a good way to think about the approach taken by the book?







      differential-geometry definition smooth-manifolds






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      asked Nov 22 at 20:03









      Jannik Pitt

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