Is the set of all exponential functions a subspace of the vector space of all continuous functions?
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Given the vector space, $ C(-infty,infty)$ as the set of all continuous functions that are always continuous, is the set of all exponential functions, $U={a^xmid a ge 1 }$, a subspace of the given vector space?
As far as I'm aware, proving a subspace of a given vector space only requires you to prove closure under addition and scalar multiplication, but I'm kind of at a loss as to how to do this with exponential functions (I'm sure it's way simpler than I'm making it).
My argument so far is that the set $U$ is a subset of the set of all differentiable functions, which itself is a subset of $C(-infty,infty)$, but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
linear-algebra vector-spaces
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add a comment |
$begingroup$
Given the vector space, $ C(-infty,infty)$ as the set of all continuous functions that are always continuous, is the set of all exponential functions, $U={a^xmid a ge 1 }$, a subspace of the given vector space?
As far as I'm aware, proving a subspace of a given vector space only requires you to prove closure under addition and scalar multiplication, but I'm kind of at a loss as to how to do this with exponential functions (I'm sure it's way simpler than I'm making it).
My argument so far is that the set $U$ is a subset of the set of all differentiable functions, which itself is a subset of $C(-infty,infty)$, but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
linear-algebra vector-spaces
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$begingroup$
If you say exponential functions, did you mean to write $a^x$ instead of $x^a$?
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– StackTD
Jul 15 '17 at 14:55
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I did and I've corrected that, thank you!
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– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 14:56
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The zero in $C(-infty,infty)$ is the constant function the always returns zero. That function is not in $U$.
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– user463383
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
3
$begingroup$
What is $a^x$ at $x=0$? What is $a^x+b^x$ at $x=0$? Can it equal some $c^x$?
$endgroup$
– Hagen von Eitzen
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Given the vector space, $ C(-infty,infty)$ as the set of all continuous functions that are always continuous, is the set of all exponential functions, $U={a^xmid a ge 1 }$, a subspace of the given vector space?
As far as I'm aware, proving a subspace of a given vector space only requires you to prove closure under addition and scalar multiplication, but I'm kind of at a loss as to how to do this with exponential functions (I'm sure it's way simpler than I'm making it).
My argument so far is that the set $U$ is a subset of the set of all differentiable functions, which itself is a subset of $C(-infty,infty)$, but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
linear-algebra vector-spaces
$endgroup$
Given the vector space, $ C(-infty,infty)$ as the set of all continuous functions that are always continuous, is the set of all exponential functions, $U={a^xmid a ge 1 }$, a subspace of the given vector space?
As far as I'm aware, proving a subspace of a given vector space only requires you to prove closure under addition and scalar multiplication, but I'm kind of at a loss as to how to do this with exponential functions (I'm sure it's way simpler than I'm making it).
My argument so far is that the set $U$ is a subset of the set of all differentiable functions, which itself is a subset of $C(-infty,infty)$, but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
linear-algebra vector-spaces
linear-algebra vector-spaces
edited Dec 10 '18 at 10:49
José Carlos Santos
157k22126227
157k22126227
asked Jul 15 '17 at 14:54
jeanquiltjeanquilt
289212
289212
$begingroup$
If you say exponential functions, did you mean to write $a^x$ instead of $x^a$?
$endgroup$
– StackTD
Jul 15 '17 at 14:55
$begingroup$
I did and I've corrected that, thank you!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 14:56
$begingroup$
The zero in $C(-infty,infty)$ is the constant function the always returns zero. That function is not in $U$.
$endgroup$
– user463383
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
3
$begingroup$
What is $a^x$ at $x=0$? What is $a^x+b^x$ at $x=0$? Can it equal some $c^x$?
$endgroup$
– Hagen von Eitzen
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If you say exponential functions, did you mean to write $a^x$ instead of $x^a$?
$endgroup$
– StackTD
Jul 15 '17 at 14:55
$begingroup$
I did and I've corrected that, thank you!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 14:56
$begingroup$
The zero in $C(-infty,infty)$ is the constant function the always returns zero. That function is not in $U$.
$endgroup$
– user463383
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
3
$begingroup$
What is $a^x$ at $x=0$? What is $a^x+b^x$ at $x=0$? Can it equal some $c^x$?
$endgroup$
– Hagen von Eitzen
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
$begingroup$
If you say exponential functions, did you mean to write $a^x$ instead of $x^a$?
$endgroup$
– StackTD
Jul 15 '17 at 14:55
$begingroup$
If you say exponential functions, did you mean to write $a^x$ instead of $x^a$?
$endgroup$
– StackTD
Jul 15 '17 at 14:55
$begingroup$
I did and I've corrected that, thank you!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 14:56
$begingroup$
I did and I've corrected that, thank you!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 14:56
$begingroup$
The zero in $C(-infty,infty)$ is the constant function the always returns zero. That function is not in $U$.
$endgroup$
– user463383
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
$begingroup$
The zero in $C(-infty,infty)$ is the constant function the always returns zero. That function is not in $U$.
$endgroup$
– user463383
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
3
3
$begingroup$
What is $a^x$ at $x=0$? What is $a^x+b^x$ at $x=0$? Can it equal some $c^x$?
$endgroup$
– Hagen von Eitzen
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
$begingroup$
What is $a^x$ at $x=0$? What is $a^x+b^x$ at $x=0$? Can it equal some $c^x$?
$endgroup$
– Hagen von Eitzen
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
As originally written, no, since $0notin U.$ In addition, your $U$ seems to be the set of monic monomials in $x,$ not exponential functions, which would instead have the form $a^x$ for some positive constant $a.$ Even then, this would not be a subspace, for exactly the same reason.
Edit: Another simple approach would be to show that $U$ (in either version) is not closed under scalar multiplication.
Showing failure to be closed under addition is more difficult in both cases, but not too tricky for the original $U.$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Not, it is not a subspace. For instance the null function does not belong to $ U$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(...) but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
Hint: closure under addition means that if you would take two such functions, say $a^x$ and $b^x$, then their sum $a^x+b^x$ should be in the set as well. That function is only in the set if $a^x+b^x = c^x$ for some $c$; is that possible (in general)?
Or the fast and simple test: does the set contain the zero element (in this case: the zero function)?
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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3 Answers
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active
oldest
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
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$begingroup$
As originally written, no, since $0notin U.$ In addition, your $U$ seems to be the set of monic monomials in $x,$ not exponential functions, which would instead have the form $a^x$ for some positive constant $a.$ Even then, this would not be a subspace, for exactly the same reason.
Edit: Another simple approach would be to show that $U$ (in either version) is not closed under scalar multiplication.
Showing failure to be closed under addition is more difficult in both cases, but not too tricky for the original $U.$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
As originally written, no, since $0notin U.$ In addition, your $U$ seems to be the set of monic monomials in $x,$ not exponential functions, which would instead have the form $a^x$ for some positive constant $a.$ Even then, this would not be a subspace, for exactly the same reason.
Edit: Another simple approach would be to show that $U$ (in either version) is not closed under scalar multiplication.
Showing failure to be closed under addition is more difficult in both cases, but not too tricky for the original $U.$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
As originally written, no, since $0notin U.$ In addition, your $U$ seems to be the set of monic monomials in $x,$ not exponential functions, which would instead have the form $a^x$ for some positive constant $a.$ Even then, this would not be a subspace, for exactly the same reason.
Edit: Another simple approach would be to show that $U$ (in either version) is not closed under scalar multiplication.
Showing failure to be closed under addition is more difficult in both cases, but not too tricky for the original $U.$
$endgroup$
As originally written, no, since $0notin U.$ In addition, your $U$ seems to be the set of monic monomials in $x,$ not exponential functions, which would instead have the form $a^x$ for some positive constant $a.$ Even then, this would not be a subspace, for exactly the same reason.
Edit: Another simple approach would be to show that $U$ (in either version) is not closed under scalar multiplication.
Showing failure to be closed under addition is more difficult in both cases, but not too tricky for the original $U.$
edited Jul 15 '17 at 16:05
answered Jul 15 '17 at 15:00
Cameron BuieCameron Buie
85.2k771155
85.2k771155
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
Didn't think about it not being closed under scalar multiplication--thanks for that. I wasn't super confident about the logic I was using, thank you for the explanation!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 17:17
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
$begingroup$
You're very welcome. It's good to keep in mind that some sets may be closed under one, but not the other. For example, the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x>0bigr}$ is closed under addition, but not scalar multiplication; the set $bigl{(x,y)inBbb R^2:x=0text{ or }y=0bigr}$ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not addition.
$endgroup$
– Cameron Buie
Jul 15 '17 at 17:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Not, it is not a subspace. For instance the null function does not belong to $ U$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Not, it is not a subspace. For instance the null function does not belong to $ U$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Not, it is not a subspace. For instance the null function does not belong to $ U$.
$endgroup$
Not, it is not a subspace. For instance the null function does not belong to $ U$.
answered Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
José Carlos SantosJosé Carlos Santos
157k22126227
157k22126227
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(...) but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
Hint: closure under addition means that if you would take two such functions, say $a^x$ and $b^x$, then their sum $a^x+b^x$ should be in the set as well. That function is only in the set if $a^x+b^x = c^x$ for some $c$; is that possible (in general)?
Or the fast and simple test: does the set contain the zero element (in this case: the zero function)?
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(...) but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
Hint: closure under addition means that if you would take two such functions, say $a^x$ and $b^x$, then their sum $a^x+b^x$ should be in the set as well. That function is only in the set if $a^x+b^x = c^x$ for some $c$; is that possible (in general)?
Or the fast and simple test: does the set contain the zero element (in this case: the zero function)?
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(...) but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
Hint: closure under addition means that if you would take two such functions, say $a^x$ and $b^x$, then their sum $a^x+b^x$ should be in the set as well. That function is only in the set if $a^x+b^x = c^x$ for some $c$; is that possible (in general)?
Or the fast and simple test: does the set contain the zero element (in this case: the zero function)?
$endgroup$
(...) but I doubt that argument would hold up on my test, given how we've tested for subspaces in class (with closure).
Hint: closure under addition means that if you would take two such functions, say $a^x$ and $b^x$, then their sum $a^x+b^x$ should be in the set as well. That function is only in the set if $a^x+b^x = c^x$ for some $c$; is that possible (in general)?
Or the fast and simple test: does the set contain the zero element (in this case: the zero function)?
answered Jul 15 '17 at 15:00
StackTDStackTD
22.6k2049
22.6k2049
add a comment |
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
If you say exponential functions, did you mean to write $a^x$ instead of $x^a$?
$endgroup$
– StackTD
Jul 15 '17 at 14:55
$begingroup$
I did and I've corrected that, thank you!
$endgroup$
– jeanquilt
Jul 15 '17 at 14:56
$begingroup$
The zero in $C(-infty,infty)$ is the constant function the always returns zero. That function is not in $U$.
$endgroup$
– user463383
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58
3
$begingroup$
What is $a^x$ at $x=0$? What is $a^x+b^x$ at $x=0$? Can it equal some $c^x$?
$endgroup$
– Hagen von Eitzen
Jul 15 '17 at 14:58