Complex integral with conjugate as an exponent
$begingroup$
What is the integral of
$$int_{Gamma}pi e^{pibar{z}}dz$$ where $Gamma$ is the square with vertices at $0,1,1+i,i$ oriented anticlockwise?
I am badly stuck at this problem. I thought of using the Residue theorem by using $bar{z}=frac{|z|^2}{z}$, but we get an essential singularity. Using Laurent series about zero, I get $a_{-1}=pi|z|^2$. Is this correct? how do we proceed? Any hints. Thanks beforehand.
integration complex-analysis contour-integration residue-calculus
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
What is the integral of
$$int_{Gamma}pi e^{pibar{z}}dz$$ where $Gamma$ is the square with vertices at $0,1,1+i,i$ oriented anticlockwise?
I am badly stuck at this problem. I thought of using the Residue theorem by using $bar{z}=frac{|z|^2}{z}$, but we get an essential singularity. Using Laurent series about zero, I get $a_{-1}=pi|z|^2$. Is this correct? how do we proceed? Any hints. Thanks beforehand.
integration complex-analysis contour-integration residue-calculus
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
What is the integral of
$$int_{Gamma}pi e^{pibar{z}}dz$$ where $Gamma$ is the square with vertices at $0,1,1+i,i$ oriented anticlockwise?
I am badly stuck at this problem. I thought of using the Residue theorem by using $bar{z}=frac{|z|^2}{z}$, but we get an essential singularity. Using Laurent series about zero, I get $a_{-1}=pi|z|^2$. Is this correct? how do we proceed? Any hints. Thanks beforehand.
integration complex-analysis contour-integration residue-calculus
$endgroup$
What is the integral of
$$int_{Gamma}pi e^{pibar{z}}dz$$ where $Gamma$ is the square with vertices at $0,1,1+i,i$ oriented anticlockwise?
I am badly stuck at this problem. I thought of using the Residue theorem by using $bar{z}=frac{|z|^2}{z}$, but we get an essential singularity. Using Laurent series about zero, I get $a_{-1}=pi|z|^2$. Is this correct? how do we proceed? Any hints. Thanks beforehand.
integration complex-analysis contour-integration residue-calculus
integration complex-analysis contour-integration residue-calculus
edited Jan 2 at 15:06
José Carlos Santos
171k23132240
171k23132240
asked Sep 20 '17 at 8:14
vidyarthividyarthi
3,0731833
3,0731833
add a comment |
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
In addition to José Carlos Santos' answer, we can also utilize Green's theorem:
begin{align*}
int_{gamma} pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dz
&= int_{gamma} left( pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dx + ipi e^{pi bar{z}} , dy right) \
&= int_{[0,1]^2} left( frac{partial}{partial x} ipi e^{pi bar{z}} - frac{partial}{partial y} pi e^{pi bar{z}}right) , dxdy \
&= 2pi^2 i int_{[0,1]^2} e^{pi x}e^{-ipi y} , dxdy \
&= 4(e^{pi} - 1).
end{align*}
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You can't use the residue theorem in a non-analytic function!
Your integral can be naturally broken on four pieces. One of them is$$int_gammapi e^{pioverline z},mathrm dz,tag{1}$$with $gammacolon[0,1]longrightarrowmathbb C$ defined by $gamma(t)=t$. But then $(1)$ is equal to$$int_0^1pi e^{pioverline{gamma(t)}}gamma'(t),mathrm dt=int_0^1pi e^{pi t},mathrm dt=left[e^{pi t}right]_{t=0}^{t=1}=e^{pi}-e^0=e^{pi}-1$$Can you compute the other three integrals?
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
3
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
1
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
Hint. Note that if $gamma$ is a segment from $P$ to $Q$ then
$gamma(t)=P+(Q-P)t$ for $tin [0,1]$ and
$$int_{gamma}pi e^{pioverline{z}}dz=int_{t=0}^1pi e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-overline{P})t)}(Q-P)dt=frac{Q-P}{overline{Q}-overline{P}}[e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-bar{P})t)}]_0^1=frac{(Q-P)(e^{pi overline{Q}}-e^{pi overline{P}})}{overline{Q-P}}.$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
In addition to José Carlos Santos' answer, we can also utilize Green's theorem:
begin{align*}
int_{gamma} pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dz
&= int_{gamma} left( pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dx + ipi e^{pi bar{z}} , dy right) \
&= int_{[0,1]^2} left( frac{partial}{partial x} ipi e^{pi bar{z}} - frac{partial}{partial y} pi e^{pi bar{z}}right) , dxdy \
&= 2pi^2 i int_{[0,1]^2} e^{pi x}e^{-ipi y} , dxdy \
&= 4(e^{pi} - 1).
end{align*}
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In addition to José Carlos Santos' answer, we can also utilize Green's theorem:
begin{align*}
int_{gamma} pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dz
&= int_{gamma} left( pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dx + ipi e^{pi bar{z}} , dy right) \
&= int_{[0,1]^2} left( frac{partial}{partial x} ipi e^{pi bar{z}} - frac{partial}{partial y} pi e^{pi bar{z}}right) , dxdy \
&= 2pi^2 i int_{[0,1]^2} e^{pi x}e^{-ipi y} , dxdy \
&= 4(e^{pi} - 1).
end{align*}
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
In addition to José Carlos Santos' answer, we can also utilize Green's theorem:
begin{align*}
int_{gamma} pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dz
&= int_{gamma} left( pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dx + ipi e^{pi bar{z}} , dy right) \
&= int_{[0,1]^2} left( frac{partial}{partial x} ipi e^{pi bar{z}} - frac{partial}{partial y} pi e^{pi bar{z}}right) , dxdy \
&= 2pi^2 i int_{[0,1]^2} e^{pi x}e^{-ipi y} , dxdy \
&= 4(e^{pi} - 1).
end{align*}
$endgroup$
In addition to José Carlos Santos' answer, we can also utilize Green's theorem:
begin{align*}
int_{gamma} pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dz
&= int_{gamma} left( pi e^{pi bar{z}} , dx + ipi e^{pi bar{z}} , dy right) \
&= int_{[0,1]^2} left( frac{partial}{partial x} ipi e^{pi bar{z}} - frac{partial}{partial y} pi e^{pi bar{z}}right) , dxdy \
&= 2pi^2 i int_{[0,1]^2} e^{pi x}e^{-ipi y} , dxdy \
&= 4(e^{pi} - 1).
end{align*}
answered Sep 20 '17 at 9:01
Sangchul LeeSangchul Lee
96.3k12171282
96.3k12171282
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
$begingroup$
Beautiful answer.
$endgroup$
– Oria Gruber
Sep 20 '17 at 9:03
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You can't use the residue theorem in a non-analytic function!
Your integral can be naturally broken on four pieces. One of them is$$int_gammapi e^{pioverline z},mathrm dz,tag{1}$$with $gammacolon[0,1]longrightarrowmathbb C$ defined by $gamma(t)=t$. But then $(1)$ is equal to$$int_0^1pi e^{pioverline{gamma(t)}}gamma'(t),mathrm dt=int_0^1pi e^{pi t},mathrm dt=left[e^{pi t}right]_{t=0}^{t=1}=e^{pi}-e^0=e^{pi}-1$$Can you compute the other three integrals?
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
3
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
1
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
You can't use the residue theorem in a non-analytic function!
Your integral can be naturally broken on four pieces. One of them is$$int_gammapi e^{pioverline z},mathrm dz,tag{1}$$with $gammacolon[0,1]longrightarrowmathbb C$ defined by $gamma(t)=t$. But then $(1)$ is equal to$$int_0^1pi e^{pioverline{gamma(t)}}gamma'(t),mathrm dt=int_0^1pi e^{pi t},mathrm dt=left[e^{pi t}right]_{t=0}^{t=1}=e^{pi}-e^0=e^{pi}-1$$Can you compute the other three integrals?
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
3
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
1
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
You can't use the residue theorem in a non-analytic function!
Your integral can be naturally broken on four pieces. One of them is$$int_gammapi e^{pioverline z},mathrm dz,tag{1}$$with $gammacolon[0,1]longrightarrowmathbb C$ defined by $gamma(t)=t$. But then $(1)$ is equal to$$int_0^1pi e^{pioverline{gamma(t)}}gamma'(t),mathrm dt=int_0^1pi e^{pi t},mathrm dt=left[e^{pi t}right]_{t=0}^{t=1}=e^{pi}-e^0=e^{pi}-1$$Can you compute the other three integrals?
$endgroup$
You can't use the residue theorem in a non-analytic function!
Your integral can be naturally broken on four pieces. One of them is$$int_gammapi e^{pioverline z},mathrm dz,tag{1}$$with $gammacolon[0,1]longrightarrowmathbb C$ defined by $gamma(t)=t$. But then $(1)$ is equal to$$int_0^1pi e^{pioverline{gamma(t)}}gamma'(t),mathrm dt=int_0^1pi e^{pi t},mathrm dt=left[e^{pi t}right]_{t=0}^{t=1}=e^{pi}-e^0=e^{pi}-1$$Can you compute the other three integrals?
edited Sep 20 '17 at 9:04
vidyarthi
3,0731833
3,0731833
answered Sep 20 '17 at 8:37
José Carlos SantosJosé Carlos Santos
171k23132240
171k23132240
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
3
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
1
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
3
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
1
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
$begingroup$
I thought the function is meromorphic with an essential singularity at $0$, isnt it? Anyways, what are four parts you are breaking the integral to: the integral on the four sides of the square?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:44
3
3
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Your function ($e^{pioverline z}$) is differentiable nowhere! Forget about meromorphic. Yes, I was talking about the four sides of the square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:45
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
why do you use the path $gamma(t)=it$? and how do you determine the limits?
$endgroup$
– vidyarthi
Sep 20 '17 at 8:52
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi Its limits are $gamma(0)=0$ and $gamma(1)=i$. Actually, I made a mistake. Since you want to go around the square counterclockwise, I should have defined $gamma(t)=t$, in order to go from $0$ to $1$. Then you should go from $1$ to $1+i$, then from $1+i$ to $i$ and finally go back to $0$, along the four sides of a square.
$endgroup$
– José Carlos Santos
Sep 20 '17 at 8:56
1
1
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
$begingroup$
@vidyarthi, The contour integral $int_{gamma} f(z) , dz$ depends only on the value of the function $f$ along the curve $gamma$. So as long as you can identify one analytic function that matches $f$ on $gamma$, you can initiate the residue theorem. For your function $f(z) = pi e^{pi bar{z}}$ it is simply that the circular contour allows one such choice, and the square contour doesn't.
$endgroup$
– Sangchul Lee
Sep 20 '17 at 9:35
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
Hint. Note that if $gamma$ is a segment from $P$ to $Q$ then
$gamma(t)=P+(Q-P)t$ for $tin [0,1]$ and
$$int_{gamma}pi e^{pioverline{z}}dz=int_{t=0}^1pi e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-overline{P})t)}(Q-P)dt=frac{Q-P}{overline{Q}-overline{P}}[e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-bar{P})t)}]_0^1=frac{(Q-P)(e^{pi overline{Q}}-e^{pi overline{P}})}{overline{Q-P}}.$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Hint. Note that if $gamma$ is a segment from $P$ to $Q$ then
$gamma(t)=P+(Q-P)t$ for $tin [0,1]$ and
$$int_{gamma}pi e^{pioverline{z}}dz=int_{t=0}^1pi e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-overline{P})t)}(Q-P)dt=frac{Q-P}{overline{Q}-overline{P}}[e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-bar{P})t)}]_0^1=frac{(Q-P)(e^{pi overline{Q}}-e^{pi overline{P}})}{overline{Q-P}}.$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Hint. Note that if $gamma$ is a segment from $P$ to $Q$ then
$gamma(t)=P+(Q-P)t$ for $tin [0,1]$ and
$$int_{gamma}pi e^{pioverline{z}}dz=int_{t=0}^1pi e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-overline{P})t)}(Q-P)dt=frac{Q-P}{overline{Q}-overline{P}}[e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-bar{P})t)}]_0^1=frac{(Q-P)(e^{pi overline{Q}}-e^{pi overline{P}})}{overline{Q-P}}.$$
$endgroup$
Hint. Note that if $gamma$ is a segment from $P$ to $Q$ then
$gamma(t)=P+(Q-P)t$ for $tin [0,1]$ and
$$int_{gamma}pi e^{pioverline{z}}dz=int_{t=0}^1pi e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-overline{P})t)}(Q-P)dt=frac{Q-P}{overline{Q}-overline{P}}[e^{pi(overline{P}+(overline{Q}-bar{P})t)}]_0^1=frac{(Q-P)(e^{pi overline{Q}}-e^{pi overline{P}})}{overline{Q-P}}.$$
answered Sep 20 '17 at 9:05
Robert ZRobert Z
101k1070143
101k1070143
add a comment |
add a comment |
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