Irreducible fatorization of $X^n-1$ in both the ring of polynomials with complex coefficients and real...











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Let $f(x) = x^n-1$ be a polynomial in $Bbb R[x]$. Factorize $f(x)$ as a product of irreducible polynomials in $Bbb C[x]$ and show that if $n$ is even, $f(x)$ has two reals roots and if $n$ is odd, $f(x)$ has one real root.





Can someone help me? I know that a polynomium of degree $n$ has exactly $n$ complex roots and that I need to factorize it as a product of $n$ degree $1$ polynomials with $x-a_i$ where $a_i$ is the $i$'th root. But how do I determine the complex roots? And do I have to use the fact that complex roots always come in pairs with its complex conjugated?
I know that if $n $is even the are two real roots $1$ and $-1$ and if $n$ is odd the only root is $1$ with multiplicity of $2$.










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  • This should help : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity .
    – LeoDucas
    Nov 25 at 17:28










  • I edited your post to properly $LaTeX$ify it. Remember to surround your $LaTeX$ with "$" signs; thus $ x^n - 1 $ yields $x^n - 1$ etc. Cheers!
    – Robert Lewis
    Nov 25 at 17:40















up vote
1
down vote

favorite












Let $f(x) = x^n-1$ be a polynomial in $Bbb R[x]$. Factorize $f(x)$ as a product of irreducible polynomials in $Bbb C[x]$ and show that if $n$ is even, $f(x)$ has two reals roots and if $n$ is odd, $f(x)$ has one real root.





Can someone help me? I know that a polynomium of degree $n$ has exactly $n$ complex roots and that I need to factorize it as a product of $n$ degree $1$ polynomials with $x-a_i$ where $a_i$ is the $i$'th root. But how do I determine the complex roots? And do I have to use the fact that complex roots always come in pairs with its complex conjugated?
I know that if $n $is even the are two real roots $1$ and $-1$ and if $n$ is odd the only root is $1$ with multiplicity of $2$.










share|cite|improve this question
























  • This should help : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity .
    – LeoDucas
    Nov 25 at 17:28










  • I edited your post to properly $LaTeX$ify it. Remember to surround your $LaTeX$ with "$" signs; thus $ x^n - 1 $ yields $x^n - 1$ etc. Cheers!
    – Robert Lewis
    Nov 25 at 17:40













up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite











Let $f(x) = x^n-1$ be a polynomial in $Bbb R[x]$. Factorize $f(x)$ as a product of irreducible polynomials in $Bbb C[x]$ and show that if $n$ is even, $f(x)$ has two reals roots and if $n$ is odd, $f(x)$ has one real root.





Can someone help me? I know that a polynomium of degree $n$ has exactly $n$ complex roots and that I need to factorize it as a product of $n$ degree $1$ polynomials with $x-a_i$ where $a_i$ is the $i$'th root. But how do I determine the complex roots? And do I have to use the fact that complex roots always come in pairs with its complex conjugated?
I know that if $n $is even the are two real roots $1$ and $-1$ and if $n$ is odd the only root is $1$ with multiplicity of $2$.










share|cite|improve this question















Let $f(x) = x^n-1$ be a polynomial in $Bbb R[x]$. Factorize $f(x)$ as a product of irreducible polynomials in $Bbb C[x]$ and show that if $n$ is even, $f(x)$ has two reals roots and if $n$ is odd, $f(x)$ has one real root.





Can someone help me? I know that a polynomium of degree $n$ has exactly $n$ complex roots and that I need to factorize it as a product of $n$ degree $1$ polynomials with $x-a_i$ where $a_i$ is the $i$'th root. But how do I determine the complex roots? And do I have to use the fact that complex roots always come in pairs with its complex conjugated?
I know that if $n $is even the are two real roots $1$ and $-1$ and if $n$ is odd the only root is $1$ with multiplicity of $2$.







polynomials complex-numbers factoring irreducible-polynomials






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edited Nov 25 at 17:37









Robert Lewis

42.7k22862




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asked Nov 25 at 17:16









CruZ

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416












  • This should help : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity .
    – LeoDucas
    Nov 25 at 17:28










  • I edited your post to properly $LaTeX$ify it. Remember to surround your $LaTeX$ with "$" signs; thus $ x^n - 1 $ yields $x^n - 1$ etc. Cheers!
    – Robert Lewis
    Nov 25 at 17:40


















  • This should help : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity .
    – LeoDucas
    Nov 25 at 17:28










  • I edited your post to properly $LaTeX$ify it. Remember to surround your $LaTeX$ with "$" signs; thus $ x^n - 1 $ yields $x^n - 1$ etc. Cheers!
    – Robert Lewis
    Nov 25 at 17:40
















This should help : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity .
– LeoDucas
Nov 25 at 17:28




This should help : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity .
– LeoDucas
Nov 25 at 17:28












I edited your post to properly $LaTeX$ify it. Remember to surround your $LaTeX$ with "$" signs; thus $ x^n - 1 $ yields $x^n - 1$ etc. Cheers!
– Robert Lewis
Nov 25 at 17:40




I edited your post to properly $LaTeX$ify it. Remember to surround your $LaTeX$ with "$" signs; thus $ x^n - 1 $ yields $x^n - 1$ etc. Cheers!
– Robert Lewis
Nov 25 at 17:40










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Hint:



The complex roots are the $n$-th roots of unity, which you determine with the exponential form of complex numbers: they have modulus $1$ and their argument must satisfy
$$bigl(mathrm e^{itheta}bigr)^n=mathrm e^{intheta}=1=mathrm e^{icdot0}iff nthetaequiv 0mod 2piiffthetaequiv 0modfrac{2pi}n,$$
taking into account that the complex exponential function has period $2ipi$.



Can you proceed and show there are $n$ roots of unity and determine which pairs are conjugate?






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    Hint:



    The complex roots are the $n$-th roots of unity, which you determine with the exponential form of complex numbers: they have modulus $1$ and their argument must satisfy
    $$bigl(mathrm e^{itheta}bigr)^n=mathrm e^{intheta}=1=mathrm e^{icdot0}iff nthetaequiv 0mod 2piiffthetaequiv 0modfrac{2pi}n,$$
    taking into account that the complex exponential function has period $2ipi$.



    Can you proceed and show there are $n$ roots of unity and determine which pairs are conjugate?






    share|cite|improve this answer

























      up vote
      0
      down vote













      Hint:



      The complex roots are the $n$-th roots of unity, which you determine with the exponential form of complex numbers: they have modulus $1$ and their argument must satisfy
      $$bigl(mathrm e^{itheta}bigr)^n=mathrm e^{intheta}=1=mathrm e^{icdot0}iff nthetaequiv 0mod 2piiffthetaequiv 0modfrac{2pi}n,$$
      taking into account that the complex exponential function has period $2ipi$.



      Can you proceed and show there are $n$ roots of unity and determine which pairs are conjugate?






      share|cite|improve this answer























        up vote
        0
        down vote










        up vote
        0
        down vote









        Hint:



        The complex roots are the $n$-th roots of unity, which you determine with the exponential form of complex numbers: they have modulus $1$ and their argument must satisfy
        $$bigl(mathrm e^{itheta}bigr)^n=mathrm e^{intheta}=1=mathrm e^{icdot0}iff nthetaequiv 0mod 2piiffthetaequiv 0modfrac{2pi}n,$$
        taking into account that the complex exponential function has period $2ipi$.



        Can you proceed and show there are $n$ roots of unity and determine which pairs are conjugate?






        share|cite|improve this answer












        Hint:



        The complex roots are the $n$-th roots of unity, which you determine with the exponential form of complex numbers: they have modulus $1$ and their argument must satisfy
        $$bigl(mathrm e^{itheta}bigr)^n=mathrm e^{intheta}=1=mathrm e^{icdot0}iff nthetaequiv 0mod 2piiffthetaequiv 0modfrac{2pi}n,$$
        taking into account that the complex exponential function has period $2ipi$.



        Can you proceed and show there are $n$ roots of unity and determine which pairs are conjugate?







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Nov 25 at 17:38









        Bernard

        117k637109




        117k637109






























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